Golf Course Management - Developing a Strategic Approach to Golf

Course Management Techniques.the seawall on the 18th hole at Pebble Beach,
The better you get at golf, the more importantwhere the bunker helps prevent balls from
the strategic aspects of the game become. Butheading into the water. The 12th green at
during your development and while you areAugusta National has a bunker that protects the
working to improve, you should start exercisingmiddle green approach, which narrows the green
your golfers eye to look for opportunities toconsiderably because of the back greenside
improve your play and ultimately your score. Anbunker and the speed of the green (as well as
often overlooked aspect of golf is coursethe wind and the pressure). Much like on holes 11
management. Course management is simplyand 13, water and Rae's creek provide natural
working your way around the golf course in aprotection that dramatically limits the options for
manner that avoids risks and focuses on playingapproach shots. With the architectural changes
high percentage golf. Much like the pool or billiardsdone to Augusta in recent years, the best
player, the ideal strategy is to execute a gameapproaches to most greens are guarded by
plan in such a manner that you never leavemyriad bunkers positioned to catch the ideal tee
yourself a difficult shot. A difficult shot in thisshot. Laying up short of these bunkers forces the
context is a shot that provides high risk for a lowplayer to hit a longer iron that is difficult to hold
reward or forces you to hit a shot that you areon the fast greens and also difficult to hit to the
not comfortable hitting. Or more to the point, thebest green positions. Flirting with the bunker risks
goal is to never leave yourself a shot that youa second shot that can't reach the green because
haven't practiced before and are therefore notof the severe lip of the bunker. The 13th hole
confident that you can pull it off. I acknowledgefavors a draw off the tee, but overcook the tee
that this is easier said than done for most if notshot and you face overhanging trees, pine cones,
all of us. All the more reason to have a plan youRae's Creek and an uneven lie with a narrow
are attempting to follow.angle of attack to the green, which is
What Is The Relative Importance Of This With Allcompensated for somewhat by the shortened
The Other Golf "Stuff"?length along that angle of approach. The 6th at
You don't hear much about golf courseCarnoustie is a famous risk reward hole at 578
management, though, so how important is it toyards, with the "A" or green position a flat space
scoring? Ben Hogan was quoted as saying that anon the left side of the fairway dangerously close
average swing and a disciplined approach toto OB. Although he only played Carnoustie in the
course management are enough to play pro golf.1953 Open (British), the 6th is still known as
When combined with a good swing, it wasHogan's Alley for the way he famously threaded
possible to play winning golf! Hogan assessed atthe needle and hit the same area every day of
one point in his career that hitting the ballthe tournament and went for the green in two.
accounted for 20% and course management orHow Do I Make This Work for My Game?
the planning part of the equation an astoundingThere is nothing inherently difficult about
80%! In fact, reading between the lines ofimplementing golf course management or
Hogan's recommendations and beliefs reveals thatstrategic play in your own game. The key is to
he considered a bad shot not one which is mishit,think differently about how you play holes that
because that is bound to happen during theyou may have played so often that you now hit
course of a round. A bad shot to him was a shotshots without even thinking about strategy. Or
that even if hit perfectly, would be no goodmaybe you don't have sufficient control of the
because of the leave or the difficulty of executinggolf ball, so you feel it is not an element that
the next shot. Hogan should know, as among thewould work for you. All the more reason to think
changes he credits with contributing to his successstrategically, as the judicious use of your limited
on the pro tour after nearly going broke for astrengths and the deliberate avoidance of your
third time was a disciplined course managementweaknesses could by itself improve your scores
approach. This approach transformed him from aand make you a better golfer. A caution up front
struggling pro through early 1938 to its leadinghere is that nothing I am advocating should slow
money winner for several years and a record ofdown the pace of your play: you should do most
some 117 straight finishes in the money beforeof the thinking prior to getting behind the ball and
being interrupted by World War II. Hogan rodetriggering your pre-shot routine. Do you have
course management hard until he achieved thetrouble hitting the ball different directions on
breakthrough with his secret in 1946. Tomdemand, or do you favor a draw or fade as your
Watson considered it so important that he wrotepredominate shot? You should have a default shot
a book dedicated to it. Finally, I should add thatyou can hit on demand with a preference or
not every golfer believes in strict adherence tocomfort level with one or the other type shot.
strategic play or adopting a relatively "dogmatic"Strategic play would be planning your shots in
approach to this element of the game. Ray Floydconsideration of your predominate ball flight. So
obviously played strategically, but he did not likelet's say you are on the tee facing a 420 yard
developing a set game plan ahead of time tohole with bunkers left and right, out about 235 to
attack a course, preferring to pick his spots260 yards or so and the pin is in the back right
based on his execution and to derive a strategynarrow part of the green, protected by a deep
on the spur of the moment. His reluctance to dobunker. All things being equal (e.g., wind, conditions,
so was a temperament or personal issue. Heetc.), if you have assessed the hole properly, you
knew his game very well and it "scrambled" hislikely took note of the "A" or green position just
brain if he failed to execute according to his plan,beyond and protected by the bunker on the left
having and adverse affect on his confidence.side. A good player would likely blow a wood over
There are not many Ray Floyd's out there,the left bunker to get the angle to the pin from
however, so if you reach this point in yourthe far left side, where a fade will then open up
development, congratulations. The rest of usthe green. A decent player might try to sling a
should read on!driver or wood in from the right side, past the
What Is Golf Course Management?bunker, to leave a short iron or wedge with a
Have you ever played a golf course and takengood angle to the green. An alternative would be
note of where the bunkers or other hazards arehitting a hybrid or 3 iron up the left side short of
in relation to the green? Of course you have, andthe bunker and then hitting a short iron (7 or 8
you've probably also looked back from the greeniron) to the middle of the green, playing a fade
and noted that there was an easier way to playbut taking the bunker out of play. What would
the hole from the perspective of the green.you do? I can't tell you the number of times over
Maybe that view was not discernable from thethe years I have played with a golfer who in this
tee. Or similarly, looked back from your tee shotsituation hit a driver up the right side without even
and realized there was a lot more room than thea second thought (because we were on the tee).
architect disclosed from the tee. In simple terms,Thus ensuring the worst approach to the green
that is golf course management, e.g., theand bringing the bunker and the narrow part of
deliberate planning or approach and placement ofthe green into play. Even with the best tee shot
your golf shots in consideration of the best waygiven the circumstances, this play has managed to
to play each hole. Note that there is almosthit to the red position, e.g., a position from which
always a best or easiest way to play most goodyou should not go for the pin. Tom Watson noted
golf holes. This is an element of the golf coursein his excellent book Tom Watson's Strategic Golf
design and often comes into play given the riskthat the golf course architect should require or
reward of a particular shot. Note well that thisdictate no more than about 5 heroic or challenging
must be mitigated somewhat in consideration ofshots over 18 holes of golf. Watson was talking
the strengths and weaknesses of your golf game.about challenges for the expert player and he
For instance the Stonewall Golf Course inwas referring to the design of the course, not the
Gainesville is an excellent course with a greatposition that players hit to voluntarily. In our
strategic design. The 18th hole, a par 5 of someabove example, the non-thinking golfer who is not
517 yards is best played from the tips by playingapplying strategic play has managed to inflict a
down the middle or short of the left side bunker,heroic or challenging shot on a golf hole that the
providing a good angle to the green and thearchitect likely believed was free from such
option of playing safe over the water with achallenges! Put a different way, the golfer has
hybrid or long iron to the left side of the greenmanaged to play the hole in the most difficult
and playing a little pitch or chip to the green. Butmanner possible! It is easy to see how such
there is a bunker on the right side of the fairwaycallous play can lead to frustration, bad shots and
that keeps slices out of the water and if you canhigh scores. The player in our example likely
carry it about 265 yards or so you can blow itbemoans the bad luck of hitting a great shot but
over the bunker and have no more than a 7 or 8ending up in a position from which it is impossible
iron to the green. The par 5 5th hole is similar into attack the pin. Bad luck has nothing to do with
design, but at 558 yards you have a bit of ait, as the play meets the criteria Hogan described
challenge with a hybrid or long iron to a shallowover 60 years ago, namely, a shot that no
green with water fronting the green. The riskmatter the outcome was doomed from inception
reward calculus of the 18th hole is markedlyto be bad. How many times in a round do you
different than the choice at the 5th hole, wheretake a club other than the driver off the tee to
the character of the round is likely still in question.lay up to your favorite yardage? When is the last
Most players go for the 18th hole from just abouttime you have considered the best approach to
anywhere, as the course has already eaten theirthe pin before hitting your tee shot and adjusted
lunch by this point in the round!accordingly? Finally, do you assess pins to
How Come I Haven't Heard Much About Golfdetermine whether you should be shooting for
Course Management And What Are Thethem or do you just aim at any old pin from any
Elements I Should Consider?old place because that is how golf is played?
There are scores and scores of books about theSummary.
golf swing and the elements of the swing, likeThis article is a bit lengthy but touches on some
putting, the short game, etc., but very few booksimportant points about course management and
on golf course management. Making golf coursestrategic play. Look over the golf course the next
management a part of your golf "kit bag" can betime you play and see if you can discern how the
as simple as making note of where the bunkerscourse architect intended the hole to be played in
and other hazards are and simply avoiding them.consideration of the green, yellow and red
But there is a reason the golf course architect putapproaches and corresponding pin positions. Prior
those bunkers there in the first place. In someto your next round, assess your play on a course
cases the bunkers protect an errant shot fromyou know well or the course you are about to
going out of bounds or getting into worse trouble.play and think through your plan of attack to see
The most obvious bunkers protect the green byif it is congruent with the challenges presented by
collecting errant shots left, right, short and long.the hole. Find the easiest path to the pin, or
The less obvious or more subtle bunkers protectbetter yet, play with better golfers and watch
the best approaches to the green. The bestthem or ask them how they play certain holes.
position to approach from is often referred to asTake a playing lesson from your pro and pick his
the "A" position, or the "green" position, with thebrain on this same subject. If you find that you
context of it being a green or go flag to shoot atare making holes harder than they need to be like
as opposed to a yellow or caution flag or a redour friend in the above example, map a strategy
flag. Meaning a flag you would not shoot atto change the way you play the hole. Finally, no
without regard to your position in the fairway. Onarticle can help you with variations for every
better courses you will likely find the so called "A"instance of play. I highly recommend the book
or green positions protected by a strategicallyabove by Tom Watson as a primer to help think
placed bunker or protected by out of boundsthrough approaching golf as a strategic game.
(OB) or some other lateral hazard intended toThere are a number of other good books that
catch wayward or aggressive shots played totouch on the topic by Johnny Miller and Ray Floyd,
open up the green . Some examples of theamong others.
former type of bunkers include the stretch along